Module 2 Friendship

一、一周知识概述
1．谈论有关朋友及友谊的话题。
2．单词与短语：friendship, if, whether, personal, public, close, lonely, usual, touch, bright, matter; hold the line, whether…or not, in fact, a couple, close to, feel like, by the way, far away, be afraid to do, be different from, make friends with, worry about, at that moment, every time, at that moment, day by day, at first等。
3．语法：掌握宾语从句用法
二、重难点知识讲解
1．Do you know if Sally Maxwell has arrived?你知道莎丽到了吗？
2．I asked your secretary whether she could come or not.我问你的秘书她是否能来。
if/whether在句中引导宾语从句，表示“是否（有，能，已经……）”等一般疑问句的含义。
e.g.I wonder whether / if he lives here.我想知道他是否住在这儿。
The teacher asked whether/ if they were getting ready for the English evening.
老师问他们是否在为英语晚会作准备。
如果要强调“究竟……还是不……”，常用连词whether引导宾语从句，后面再加or not或直接在whether后加or not。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
e.g.I’d be interested to know whether he will see the film“Harry Potter”or not.
= I’d be interested to know whether or not he will see the film “Harry Potter”.
3．I know that foreigners find China very different from their own countries. What does it feel like?
我知道外国人觉得中国与他们自己的国家有很大的不同，（中国）让你感觉如何？
（1）(be) different from意为“（与）……不同，不同于……”。
e.g.My chair is different from your chair.  我的椅子和你的椅子不一样。
different的反义词是same，意为“相同的”。常见搭配：the same…as 与……一样
e.g.My chair is the same as your chair.  我的椅子和你的椅子一样。
词性变化：
　　　　　differ v. 不一致，不同
　　　　　difference n. 差异，差别，分歧
　　　　　differently adv. 不同地
（2）What does it feel like?  是用来询问对方对某件事的看法。
e.g.What does it feel like to be at school in America?  在美国上学感觉如何？
另外How do you like…? /What do you think of…?也常用来询问对方对某人或某一事物的看法、感受、印象如何，意为“你认为……怎么样？”。
—How do you like the story? 你觉得这故事怎么样？
—It’s very good. 很好。
—What do you think of the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样?
—It is very interesting.很有趣。
4．I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with anyone.
我非常孤独，我害怕和任何人交朋友。
（1）be afraid to do sth.意为“不敢做某事，害怕去做某事”，指由于胆小而不敢去执行to do 的行为。be afraid of doing sth.意为“害怕/担心做……”是怕doing sth.的行为引起的可能的后果。
e.g. (A house is on fire, and you are trapped. Someone shouted.)
－Jump！跳下去！
—I’m afraid to jump. 我不敢跳。（意思是“缺乏跳下去的勇气”。）
－Why？为什么？
－I’m afraid of breaking my ankle！我怕摔断了踝骨。（意思是“有可能造成踝骨摔断的后果”。）
He was afraid to walk to across the bridge because he was afraid of falling into the river.
他不敢过桥因为他担心会掉进河里。
　　当我们表示“担心或生怕某事会发生”或“不希望某件意外的事发生”时，应使用 be afraid of doing，而不用 be afraid to do.
（2）make friends (with)…. 意为“（与……）交朋友”，其中friends总是复数形式。
e.g. My father likes to make friends with doctors.我父亲喜欢与医生交朋友.
I decide to make friends with Tom.我决定与汤姆交朋友.
Can you make friends with me?你能和我交个朋友吗?
5．Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart break.
每当我听到其他同学在说着、笑着，我都感觉心都要碎了。
（1）every time在句中作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，此时前面不再加连词。意为“每当……，每一次……”。
e.g.You grow younger every time I see you. 我每一次见到你的时候你都显得更年轻。
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.每次听了你的建议我就有麻烦。
（2）feel sb./sth do表示动作全过程，意为“感觉某人(物)做……”。
feel sb./sth. doing表示动作正在进行，意为“感觉某人(物)正在做……”。
e.g.I felt something touch my foot.我感到有什么东西碰到了我的脚。
I felt something touching my foot.我感到有什么东西碰着我的脚。
I suddenly woke up and felt the rain dropping on the roof.
我突然惊醒，感觉到雨点正打在屋顶上。
注意：可用于此句型的感官动词还有hear, notice, see, watch等。
e.g.We heard him sing an English song.我们听见他唱了一首英语歌。
We heard him singing an English song.我们听见他正在唱一首英语歌。
6．Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class.
日子一天天过去，我渐渐和班上的其他同学亲近起来。
（1）day by day意为“一天一天地，逐日”，表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。
e.g.It’s getting colder day by day.天气一天天冷了起来。
The boy is getting better day by day.那孩子一天天好了起来。
注意：day after day意为“日复一日、一天又一天”，表示一个重复（周而复始或循环重复）的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。
e.g.Day after day went by, and still no message arrived.日子一天天过去，仍然杳无音讯。
I have to do the work day after day.我得天天做这项工作。
（2）close to意为“离……很近，”
e.g.I live close to the shops.我住得离商店很近。
7．One day, I asked him why he smiles, but he couldn’t remember smiling at me!
有一天我问他为什么笑，可他却不记得曾经对我笑过！
（1）one day意为“有一天，某一天”。one day 表示过去也可表示将来的某一天。
e.g.The teacher will know about it one day. 总有一天老师会知道这件事。
One day he came to see me with a little boy.有一天，他带着一个小男孩来看我。
（2）remember doing sth.意为“记得曾经做过某事”。这里的动名词所表示的动作已经发生过了。
e.g.We remembered writing a letter to you. 我记得曾经给你写过一封信。
I remember meeting her a party once.我记得曾经在一次聚会上见过她。
remember to do sth.意为“记住要去做某事”。这里的不定式所表示的动作还没有发生。
e.g.Did you remember to feed the animals?你记着喂牲口了吗？
Remember to close the windows before you go out.出门之前记着要关窗。
类似用法：
forget to do sth 忘记要做某事（表示动作还没有发生）
forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事（表示曾经做了，而忘了）
8．Now I believe that the world is what you think it is.
现在我相信世界就是你想象的那个样子。（你认为世界是怎样的，它就是怎样的。）
that the world is what you think it is是一个宾语从句，做动词believe的宾语。在这个宾语从句中，what you think it is 又是一个表语从句，意为“你想象的那个样子”。同学们只要了解这句话的含义就行了，至于表语从句的用法则不要求掌握。
9．If you think you are lonely, you might always be alone.
如果你觉得孤单，你可能永远是孤单的。
（1）if在句中引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。需要注意的是if在引导条件状语从句时从句中要用一般时代替将来时。
e.g.If it rains tomorrow, we'll put off the sports meeting.如果明天下雨，我们就推迟运动会。
（2）注意句中的lonely和alone. lonely作形容词，充当表语，指“孤独的”，用于人时，指一种心理状态，突出内心里感到孤独、寂寞，侧重于缺少同伴友谊或同情而感到孤独、寂寞，含忧郁之意。
e.g.He felt very lonely without his friends. 没有了朋友他感到非常孤独。
The children often come to see Grandpa Zhang, so he does not feel lonely.
孩子们常来看张爷爷，所以他不感到寂寞。
lonely也可作定语，修饰地点名词，意为“荒凉的”，侧重于人迹罕至或远离人烟，很荒凉。
e.g.He lives in a lonely village.他住在一个荒凉的山村里。
alone作形容词，充当表语，只是陈述一个事实，表示“独自的；单独的”，侧重于独自一人，无同伴，无其他人在场，显得孤立无援。alone只作表语不作定语。
e.g.He was alone in the room. 他独自一人在屋里。
I was alone, but I was not lonely.我独自一人，但并不感到孤独。
三、语法——宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句有三种情况：
1．表示陈述意义的宾语从句。由从属连词that引导。that本身没有意义，在非正式文体中和口语中常常被省略。
e.g.He says (that) he is going to be an actor.他说他将要当一个演员。
My mother told me (that) she liked English very much when she was a student.
我妈妈告诉我说当她是学生时，她很喜欢英语。
※如果由and连接两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。
e.g.She said (that) she liked English very much and that she didn’t like maths at all.
她说她非常喜欢英语，一点也不喜欢数学。
由that引导的宾语从句最为常见，能接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：say, think, wish, hope, believe, agree, hear, feel, know等。
2．带有“是否，有否，对否，能否”等一般疑问意义的宾语从句，由从属连词whether或if引导。如果要突出“究竟是……还是不……”，常用whether后面加or not。
e.g.He asked me if (whether) I knew John.他问我是否认识约翰。
I want to know whether (if) he lives there. 我想知道他是否在那儿住。
Let me know whether you can come or not.你能不能来，请告诉我一声。
3．带有“谁；谁的；什么；哪个；什么时候；什么地方；怎样；为什么”等特殊疑问意义的宾语从句，由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, how, why引导。
e.g.Tom wants to know where Nine lives. 汤姆想知道Nine住在哪里。
Can you tell me what your name is?你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗？
I don’t know how she gets to school.我不知道她是怎么上学的。
宾语从句要注意以下几点：
（1）宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。
e.g.She asked how old I was.  她问我多大。
We don’t know where her office is.  我不知道她的办公室在哪儿。
当连接代词在宾语从句中作主语时，从句的语序与以疑问代词作主语的特殊疑问句的语序相同。
e.g.He asked which picture was John's.
（2）当主句的时态是过去时时，从句中通常只能用过去时的某种时态。
He said

※但宾语从句中如果表示的是客观真理、自然现象等，则不受此限。
e.g.Our teacher told us that Changjiang is the longest river in China.
老师告诉我们说长江是中国最长的河。
Father said (that) the sun always rises in the east.
爸爸说太阳从东方升起。
做宾语从句练习要记住“一连词，二语序，三时态”。
























单项选择：
1．I don’t know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I’ll tell you.

A．if; Whether　
B．whether; Whether
C．if; That
D．if; If
2．I don’t know _________ the day after tomorrow.

A．when does he come　　　　　　　　　　
B．how will he come

C．if he comes　　　　　　　　　　　　　
D．whether he’ll come
3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？

A．what　　　　　
B．how
C．whether　　　　
D．where
4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？

A．how did he mend　　　　　　　　　　　
B．what did he mend

C．how he mended　　　　　　　　　　　　
D．what he mended
5．I want to know _________.

A．whom is she looking after　　　　　　
B．whom she is looking

C．whom is she looking　　　　　　　　　
D．whom she is looking after
6．Do you know where _________ now？

A．he lives　
B．does he live
C．he lived　
D．did he live
7．Do you know what time _________？

A．the train leave　　　　　　　　　　　
B．does the train leave

C．will the train leave　　　　　　　　
D．the train leaves
8．I don’t know _________. Can you tell me, please？

A．how the two players are old 
B．how old are the two players

C．the two players are how old 
D．how old the two players are
9．The small children don’t know _________.

A．what is their stockings in　　　　　
B．what is in their stockings

C．where is their stockings in　　　　　
D．what in their stockings
10．I can’t understand _________.

A．what does Christmas mean　　　　　　
B．what Christmas does mean

C．what mean Christmas does　　　　　　
D．what Christmas means
11．I don’t know________.

A．which room I can live    
B．which room can I live

C．which room I can live in    
D．which room can I live in
12．______ he came, he would bring us a lot of flowers.

A．Every times　
B．Every time
C．Once time
D．Once times
13．The tiger made the monkey ______ him something to eat.

A．bringing
B．to bring
C．brings
D．bring
一、根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
1．True f　　　（友谊）is worth more than money.
2．He asked me w　　　（是否） she was coming.
3．The gardens are open to the p　　　.
4．He is not from this country, he is a f　　　.
5．When his wife and two little children left him, he was very l　　　（孤独的）.
6．We all l　　　 loudly when she made a joke.
7．Don’t w　　　! Everything will be all right.
8．He arrived late as u　　　.
9．Don’t t　　　 that pot; it’s very hot.
10．It doesn't m　　　（有关系） if you are late.
二、翻译下列短语。
1．稍等/别挂断　　　　　　　　　　2．刚才
3．捎口信　　　　　　　　　　　　 4．事实上
5．亲密的朋友　　　　　　　　　　 6．与……不同
7．……的一部分　　　　　　　　　 8．远离
9．害怕做某事　　　　　　　　　　10．担心某人
11．与平常一样　　　　　　　　　 12．记得做过某事
13．和……交朋友　　　　　　　　 14．在那时
15．一天天地　　　　　　　　　　 16．开始，起初
三、按要求转换句型。
1．Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改写句子）
　 →Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China？
2．“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me.（变为复合句）
　 →He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help.
3．Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
　 _________ Jim _________ Tom is a student.
4．When does the train leave？I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
　 I want to know _________ the train _________.
5．They went home after they had finished their homework.（用not…until改写）
　 They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework.
6．Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
　 Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
四、完成下列句子。
1．Can you tell me________________（你是哪里人）？
2．I’m not sure ___________________（Tony是否会来）.
3．Can I ask you ________________（你为什么喜欢住这儿）？
4．The teacher said _________________（长江是中国最长的河流）.
5．He asked ________________（哪副画是Tom的）.
6．I know ___________________（外国人觉得中国与他们自己的国家很不同）







答案：1-5 DDDCD  6-13 ADDBDCBD
答案：1．friendship　　2．Whether   3．public　　　　4．foreigner
5．lonely　　　　　　6．Laughed       7．worry　　　　　　 8．usual
9．touch　　　　　　10．matter
答案：
1．hold the line  2．just now 3．take a message   4．in fact   5．close friend   6．be different from   7．be part of
8．far away    9．be afraid to do sth. 10．worry about sb.    11．as usual
12．remember doing sth.    13．make friends with…
14．at that moment   15．day by day    16．at first
答案：1．if/whether, enjoys  2．if/whether; needed
3．Neither; nor  4．when; leaves   5．didn’t; until   6．if/whether; came
答案：
　　1．where you are from/where you come from
　　2．whether/if Tony will come
　　3．why you like living here
　　4．Changjing is the longest river in China
　　5．which picture was Tom’s
　　6．(that) foreigners find China very different from their own country