2011-2012学年8年级英语（北师大版）上册素材（含教案和练习）Unit 3 Countries and Cities（1）
一. 教学内容：
第三单元 第一部分
能简单描述不同国家的人口、地理、语言等情况，并进行比较

二. 本周教学重点、难点：
1. 描述国家的人口、地理、语言等。
2. “How + adjective”疑问句，及其回答。
3. 形容词的比较级。

三. 具体内容：
（一）Asking about countries, cities, and languages.
1. —What is the capital of France?
—It’s Paris.
2. —What language do they speak in America?
—They speak English.
3. —Where is the Eiffel Tower?
—It’s in France.
4. —What is the country famous for?
—It’s famous for the silk.
e.g. My country is very large. It has many beautiful lakes, rivers and mountains. Most people live in the southern part of the country because it is very cold in the north. The capital of my country is Ottawa. My country is called Canada.

（二）Questions with “How + adjective”
1. —How long is the Nile River?
—The Nile River is about 6,671 km long.
2. —How high is the Great Pyramid?
—The Great Pyramid is 137 meters high.
3. —How far is Beijing from Shanghai?
—It’s about 1000km.
4. —How deep is the Grand Canyon?
—It’s about …deep.

（三）Comparative adjectives
形容词的原来形式在相比较概念中称做原级，与之比较，“更……的”称作比较级，“最……的”称作最高级。
形容词变成比较级和最高级的构成规则
1. 一般单音节形容词和少数双音节词变成比较级，最高级，分别在词尾加er, est.
情况
变法
例词

一般情况
加er, est
tall—taller—tallest

以e结尾时
加r, st
large—larger—largest

以“辅音+y”结尾时
变y为i，加er, est
happy—happier—happiest

以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时
双写最后的辅音字母，再加er,est
big—bigger—biggest
thin—thinner—thinnest

对少数的双音节形容词，变比较级和最高级时也是如此。
e.g. narrow—narrower—narrowest
simple—simpler—simplest
clever—cleverer—cleverest
2. 一般双音节及多音节的形容词变比较级和最高级时，都要在前面加more, most.
e.g. useful—more useful—most useful
difficult—more difficult—most difficult
3. 不规则形式。
原级
比较级
最高级

many/much
more
most

good/well
better
best

bad
worse
worst

little
less
least

far
farther/further
farthest/furthest

4. 有一些形容词没有比较级。
e.g. Chinese English, afraid aware alive, east west, right left, wooden golden, square round…
5. 形容词比较级的用法。
（1）所在的句子结构通常是：“含有形容词比较级的主句+引导的从句”，如从句省略，要保留同主句相比的部分及其修饰语。
e.g. My composition is shorter than hers.
I have more English books than French books.
The pen I’m using now is better than the one I used last year.
（2）相比中，出现的程度和数量之差，须置于形容词比较级的前面。
e.g. I am 2 years older than my younger brother.
Your shoes are 2 sizes bigger than hers.
This book is more expensive than that one.
6. 形容词最高级的用法。
用于两者以上的比较。通常前面加定冠词，并有一个表示范围的短语或从句。
e.g. It is the most interesting book I have ever read.
John is the tallest boy in the class.
She is the best student in the school.
7. 其他用法。
（1）形容词的同级比较。
表示两者一样时，用as…as，不及……时，用 not so…as, not as…as
e.g. He is as tall as his elder sister.
I read lesson 2 as many times as lesson 1.
In winter it is not so cold in Nanjing as in Beijing.
（2）形容词比较级的单独用法。
Are you feeling better now?
Be more careful.
Eat less meat and more vegetable.
He has less money.
（3）more and more 越来越
After March, the weather is getting warmer and warmer.
Now our country is getting stronger and stronger.
The garden is becoming more and more beautiful.
（4）the more… the more 越是……就越
The more angry she became, the more they laughed at her.
The harder you work, the better you will do.

四. 课堂练习。
（一）单选。
1. Canada is very large but Russia is than Canada.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
2. The Aral Sea continued to get .
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
3. The Amazon River goes the country.
A. through B. across C. under D. from
4. They agreed to use water for farming than before.
A. few B. less C. little D. a little
5. Life in China today is than it was in the past.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
6. The service in this hotel is even than it was in the past.
A. bad B. worse C. worst D. the worst

（二）时态填空。
1. —What did you do last night?
—I (surf) the Internet.
2. —What are you doing this weekend?
—I (meet) some friends.
3. He usually (go) to bed at half past ten.
4. She (visit) her grandparents last summer.
5. I (travel) around the world when I have enough money.
6. Next Sunday we (have) lunch in a restaurant.



【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）
一. 单选
1. Mr. and Mrs. Tailor live in a beautiful village near the sea.
A. too B. very C. more D. many
2. How is the Mississippi River？
A. high B. tall C. often D. long
3. is the capital city of the United Kingdom.
A. New York B. Berlin C. Tokyo D. London
4. This piece of cake is larger than that one.
A. bit B. few C. a bit D. a few
5. Which country is , Russia or America?
A. big B. bigger C. more bigger D. much big
6. The total population in China is larger than the population in Canada.
A. very B. too C. much D. many
7. Is Los Angeles more interesting than London?
A. very B. too C. much D. many
8. place do you prefer to live in, a big city or a small village?
A. Where B. Which C. How D. Why

二. 完型填空。
I am taking my family to Europe this year. My wife and I and our two 1 are going. My brother is a farmer. He decided to go with 2 . First he is going on his horseback from his farm to the 3 station. Then he is taking a bus to our house. From here, we are going 4 .
We are going to go by train to New York, and then take a ship to Europe. When we arrive in 5 , we are going to rent a car and 6 wherever we want to go. Then we are going to return the 7 . We are planning to fly home.
It took us a long time to decide our 8 . At first we wanted to 9 to Europe because it was faster. But my brother prefers to take a 10 trip. The children like that too.
1. A. horses B. dogs C. sisters D. children
2. A. us B. them C. him D. me
3. A. train B. railway C. bus D. underground
4. A. together B. back C. over D. again
5. A. Australia B. Canada C. Russia D. Europe
6. A. walk B. run C. drive D. ride
7. A. ship B. horse C. bike D. car
8. A. place B. time C. trip D. way
9. A. go B. fly C. come D. run
10. A. bus B. train C. boat D. plane
【试题答案】
一. 1—5 BDDCB 6—8 CCA
二. 1—5 DACAD 6—10 CDCBC