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Grammar (II):
Using conjunctions: and, but, so
3
Leisure time
Travel
6
CONTENTS PAGE
Introduction
Practice
Introduction
5-1
1
2
3
We use conjunctions like and, but, so to join two sentences. They make one longer sentence from two shorter sentences.
4
5
The car stopped.
The driver got out.
Sentence A
Sentence B
The car stopped and the driver got out.
Read the following sentences.
5-2
1
2
3
4
5
The centre of France is a big, agricultural region, growing crops such as wheat and sunflowers, and there are many vineyards. (And means also.)
People used to take a plane or a ferry to travel from Paris to London, but now the Channel Tunnel enables them to travel by train in about three hours. (But shows a contrasting idea.)
France is a wonderful place, so many people go there for a holiday. (So shows the result.)
Using and, but
5-3
1
2
3
4
5
We stayed at home
(we) watched television.
My sister is married
(she) lives in London.
He doesn’t like her
she doesn’t like him.
I bought a newspaper
I didn’t read it.
It’s a nice house
it hasn’t got a garden.
and
and
and
but
but
* It is not necessary to repeat ‘we’ and ‘she’.
Study these sentences:
5-4
1
2
3
4
5
We use and between the last two things:
I got home, had something to eat, sat down in anarmchair and fell asleep.
Ann is at work, Sue has gone shopping and Chris is playing football.
Using so
It was very hot,
I opened the window.
The water wasn’t clean,
We didn’t go swimming.
They like films,
they often go to the cinema.
so
so
so
5-5
1
2
3
4
5
Practice
2-1
1
2
Sandy is writing an e-mail to Pierre, a boy from France. Fill in the blanks with and, but or so.
To:
From:
Pierre
Sandy
Hi Pierre
I found your e-mail address in a travel magazine (1)___________ I would like to be your penfriend. My name is Sandy. I am from Shanghai, China, (2)___________ I am 14 years old.
and
and
I am an only child. My mum is a teacher (3)___________ my dad is an engineer. We live far away from my school, (4)___________ I have to get up early every day.
I study at Rose Garden School. My favourite subjects are English and Science, (5)___________ I am not very good at Maths. I would like to be an English teacher in the future, (6)___________ I am studying hard and doing well at school.
I hope to visit France one day. I am interested in your culture (7)___________ I love French bread!
I hope you will write back soon.
Yours sincerely
Sandy
2-2
1
2
and
so
but
so
and
Consolidation
Workbook 8B, pages 47 and 48.
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