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unit2
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上传时间: 2014-08-29
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Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Part one. New phrases in unit2
一、必记单词
cheer v. 欢呼；喝彩[t???] volunteer v. 义务做；自愿做 n. 志愿者[,v?l?n't??]?
lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的['l??nl?] several pron. 几个；数个；一些['sev(?)r(?)l]
feeling n. 感觉；感触['fi?l??] satisfaction n. 满足；满意[s?t?s'f?k?(?)n]
journey n. (尤指长途)旅游；行程['d???n?] alone adv.独自；单独[?'l??n]?
repair v. 修理；修补[r?'pe?]? carry v. 拿；提；扛['k?r?]?
excited adj. 激动的；兴奋的[?k'sa?t?d]
二、常考短语
clean up打扫（或清除）干净 cheer up (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来
give out分发；散发 used to 曾经……；过去……
give away赠送；捐赠 set up建起；设立
make a difference影响；有作用
三、经典句型
I’d like to help homeless people.我想帮助无家可归的人们。
You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up. 我们需要想出一个计划来告诉人们关于这个城市公园清洁日的事。
Part two. Grammar focus.
短语动词
像come up with, put off, put up, hand out都是短语动词，短语动词是动词的一种固定搭配形式，可以把它作为一个整体，同一般动词一样使用。短语动词的搭配可分为以下六种基本类型：
动词+副词
E.g. cheer up(使高兴起来，使振奋起来)；clean up(打扫干净)；put up(张贴)；fix up(修理)；give away(赠送)；give out(分发)；use up(用完)
2. 动词+介词
e.g. look afer(照顾)；belong to(属于)；take after(与……相像)；hear from(收到……的来信)
3. 动词+副词+介词
E.g. get out of(避免)；come up with(想出)；catch up with(赶上)；look forward to(期望)
4. 动词+名词
E.g. have a rest (休息一下)；take a walk (散步)；make mistakes (犯错)；tell a lie (撒谎)
5. 动词+名词+介词
E.g. have a look at (看一看)；make friends with (与……交朋友)；have a word with (与……交谈)；pay attention to(注意)
6. be + 形容词（包括过去分词做形容词）+介词
E.g. be late for (迟到)；be angry with(生气)；be fond of (喜爱)；be good at (擅长)
二、动词不定时
动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句子可起名词、形容词或副词的作用，可在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是“to+动词原形”，但to有时要省略。动词不定式在具体运用时，用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。
带to的不定式结构
能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop等。
She likes to play the piano.
(2) 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not, 即not to do sth.。
Jim told me not to wake up Kate.
不带to的不定式结构
在固定词组had better 之后。注意：had better do sth. 的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
You had better go home now.
It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out.
(2) 在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
I made them give me the money back.
I didn’t see you come in.
(3) 在引导疑问句的why not之后。
“Why not+不带to的不定式”是Why don’t you do…的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。
Why not go with us?
Why not take a holiday? = Why don’t you take a holiday?
动词不定式作主语
To master a language is not an easy thing.
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It’s necessary to find the witness.
动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。
I have nothing to say on this question.
5. 动词不定式作宾语
有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语（即宾语+宾语补足语）。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语，则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，而将不定式短语（真正的宾语）放在宾语补足语之前。
I find it useful to learn English well.
6. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点，学习时要注意以下三种情况：
（1）作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。
He asked me to talk about English study.
(2) 作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略。
The teacher made him say the word like this.
(3) 作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也可以不带。
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box?
7. 动词不定式作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中用作状语。
放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。
He stopped to have a rest.
(2) 跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。
I’m sorry to hear that,
(3) 用在too…to…结构中。
He is too young to understand all that.
语法专练：
---Mom, can I leave my homework for tomorrow?
--- I’m afraid not. Don’t ________ what you can do today till tomorrow.
A. put on B. put down C. put up D. put off
2. My best friend Alex failed in the math competition. I’d like to ________.
A. dress him up B. pick him up C. cheer him up D. take him up
3. --- The girl _______ all her pocket money to the people whose houses were destroyed by the earthquake in Ya’an.
--- What a good girl!
A. took away B. gave up C. gave away D. put away
4. --- Mary is very generous.
--- Yes, she gave away all her money she owned ________ people in need.
A. to help B. to helping C. helped D. helping
5. He made us ________ by making faces.
A. to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughed
6. Our teacher often asks us ______ questions in groups.
A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed
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