动词
1、动词第三人称单数
在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。
动词第三人称单数变化有三种形式：
1）一般动词在词尾直接加s，s在清辅音之后读/s/，在浊辅音或元音后读/z/,ds读/dz/，ts读/ts/。如：help-helps/helps/,get-gets/gets/,read-reads/ri:dz/
以字母x、s、ch、sh或有以o结尾的词加es，es读/iz/。如：guess-guesses/’gesiz/,fix-fixes/’fiksiz/,teach-teaches/ti: t?iz/,wash-washes/’w??iz/
注：go-goes/g?uz/,do-does/d?z/
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加es，ies读/iz/。如：carry-carries/’k?riz/,fly-flies/flaiz/
注：在play-plays/pleiz/,say-says/sez/中，字母y前为元音字母，第三人称单数直接在y后加s即可
4）以不发音e结尾的，直接加s，如果尾音是/s//z/的，加s后字母“e”与“s”一起读作/iz/
5）特殊词例外。如：be-is/iz/,have-has/h?z/
2、动词现在分词形式
1）一般情况在动词原形后直接加ing。如：go-going,stand-standing
2）以不发音e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,ride-riding
3）以重读闭音节结尾的，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing。如：swim-swimming,run-running,get-getting
少数几个以ie结尾的，须将ie变为y再加ing。如：die-dying,lie-lying

一般现在时和现在进行时练习题：
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式：
wash_________ match _______guess______     study______     finish_________  go________      snow______     carry_________
2.写出下列动词的过去式：stop______  see________ drive ________let_______ carry______ keep_____ join______ find_______ think________ teach______ catch______
3. 写出下列动词的现在分词形式： stay_______  begin______ forget_______ lie_______die______run_______give________ring_______dance______  hope_______
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1．I ________(write) to you as soon as I _______(get) to London.
2. He doesn’t feel well and ____________(not eat) any food this morning.
3. Don’t make a niose. Grandpa __________(sleep).
4、It’s seven now, Tom’s family__________(watch) TV.
It ________(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night.
 _______ it ______ (rain) when school was over yesterday?
Who _______ (dance) the best in your class?
The teacher told us the earth __________ (move) round the sun.
She ________ (buy) a sweater yesterday.
单项选择：
 The picture _______ nice.    A. looks  B. is looked  C. look  D. is looking
 She ______ down and soon fell asleep.  A. live  B. lain  C. laid  D. lay
 They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning.
A. reached to  B. arrived  C. went  D. get to
 I saw her ____ the room this morning.  A. to enter B. entered C. enter  D. enters
 The teacher asked us ______ to school on time.A.to come B.coming C.come  D.comes
 10. John is always ______ others. A. help  B. helping  C. helps  D. to help
 You’d better ______ at home and ______ your homework.
A. to stay, do  B. stay, do C. to stay, to do  D. stay, to do
 He sat down ______ a rest.  A. having  B. have  C. to have  D. had
 Uncle Wang knows _______ a washing machine.
A. how to make  B. to make  C. how making  D. what to make

3、动词过去式
1）动词过去式的变化规则
（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加 ed ，如：worked played wanted acted
（2）以不发音的 e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged
（3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加ed，如： studied tried copied  cried carried
（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 ed，如：stopped begged dropped planned
（5）注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
go - went，make - made，get - got ，buy - bought ，come - came ，fly-flew ，is/am-was，are-were ，see-saw ，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught, think-thought, say-said,sit-sat. read-read, spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam，sweep—swept，sing—sang，draw—drew
注：不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：
　　① 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
　　② 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
　　③ 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
　　④ 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
　　⑤ 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt
　　⑥ 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
2）规则动词词尾加ed的读音
（1） 在清辅音后读作[t]。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped
（2） 在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called
（3） 在t / d后读作[id]。如：wanted, needed
总结：
1、直接加ed
walk走____________          climb爬_____________
turn转弯____________         learn学习_____________
cook dinner做饭____________   play the piano弹钢琴____________
visit grandparents看望（外）祖父母__________________________
clean the bedroom打扫卧室__________________________
wash the clothes洗衣服__________________________
answer the phone接电话　__________________________
listen to music听音乐　__________________________
clean the room打扫房间__________________________
collect insects收集昆虫__________________________
jump跳____________　row划____________　work工作____________
show展示____________ look看____________ help帮助____________
relax放松___________  return 归还_____________  pass传递______________
watch insects观察昆虫_____________________________________
pick up leaves采摘树叶___________________________________
paint绘画______________   kick踢______________  ski 滑雪______________
2、直接加d
like像，喜欢______________  live居住______________ 
dance跳舞______________  use a computer使用计算机______________ 
love爱______________  taste尝______________ 
close关上______________  prepare准备_____________
3、不规则变化
eat吃____________ have有；吃　____________   buy买　____________
take买；带____________  go去____________  sing唱歌____________
teach（taught）教　 run(ran)跑    fight(fought)打架
get up起床____________  swim游泳____________  fly飞____________
swing(swung)荡　   sleep(slept)睡觉　  sweep(swept) the floor扫地
do做____________　make the bed铺床____________
draw(drew) pictures画画      write(wrote) a letter写信
catch（caught）butterflies捉蝴蝶      meet(met)见面
drink(drank)喝  tell(told)告诉  ride(rode)骑  find(found)寻找到
drive(drove)驾驶   come(came)来     become（became）变成　
feel(felt)感觉到　think(thought)思考　meet(met)遇见　fall(fell)落下　
leave离开_____________　wake(woke) up醒来  bring带来____________
is___________    am___________  are____________  see看到_________
grow种植 grew   stand（stood）站立
4、词形不变
read books读书__________________　put放__________________
set the table摆饭桌__________________ hit （hit）撞击、打  cut 切、割_______
5、最后一个字母双写再加ed
stop(stopped)停       shop购物 __________________
6、把y变成i再加ed
empty the trash倒垃圾__________________
study学习　______________________

练习：
写出下列动词的过去式
is/am        fly       plant       are       drink        play       go      
make        does      worry        ask       eat        draw       put     
drive        throw       pass        get       take       dance        
swim        pick        study        tell       meet       tell        write      
二、用动词的适当形式填空
1、He       (live) in China two years age.
2、The cat        (eat) a bird last night.
3、I       (ride) a bike with Lily yesterday.
4、They         (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
5、      he       (fly) a kite on Sundday?Yes,he     .
6、What      she        (find) in the garden last morning?She       (find) a bird.