[核 心 单 词]
addict n．对(药物等)上瘾的人；瘾君子 vt.使……上瘾；使……沉迷
[经典例句]He was addicting himself to playing the violin and didn't find someone walk into his house.
他正醉心于拉小提琴，甚至没有注意到有人进屋。
(1)addict oneself to　　沉溺于……，醉心于……
be/become/get addicted to...
沉迷于……；热爱……；迷上……
(2)addiction n．　　　　瘾；入迷；嗜好
addiction to sth  ……成瘾
①Teenagers who ____________ the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression.
有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。
②It's said that some singers have addiction ________ drugs.据说一些歌手吸毒成瘾。
答案　①are addicted to　②to
名师点睛 (1)addicted, addiction常与介词to连用，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
(2)addicted常修饰人；addictive常修饰物。
reduce vt.减少，降低
[经典例句]According to the plan, from 2016 in Beijing the scores for English on the exam will be reduced from 150 to 100 points.按照计划，北京从2016年起英语考试的分数将从150分降到100分。
(1)reduce...to/by　　　……减少到/了多少
increase...to/by...  ……增加到/了多少
(2)be reduced to despair  陷入绝望
(3)reduction n.  减少；缩小；减价，折扣
①The number of smokers has been reduced ________ 30%.今年吸烟的人数已减少了30%。
②He is reduced ________ a beggar.
他沦落为一个乞丐。
答案　①by　②to
【巧学助记】


likely  adj.可能的
[经典例句]It's more than likely that the thieves don't know how much it is worth.
盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。
be likely to do sth　　　　可能做某事
It is likely that...  很可能……
①The most likely cause of the fire was a cigarette.
最有可能引起这场火灾的原因是一根香烟。
②It is likely that the weather will be fine tomorrow.
→The weather ____________ tomorrow.
明天天气可能会很晴朗。
答案　②is likely to be fine
【易混辨析】
likely
用于①it is likely that ...；②sb/sth be likely to do sth句型，但不用于it is likely for sb to do sth

possible
用于①it is possible (for sb) to do sth；
②it is possible that...，但不用于sb be possible to do sth

probable
常用于it is probable that...

语境填词
③It is ________ for her to work out the maths problem in such a short time because she is very clever.www-2-1-cnjy-com
④Which are you more ________ to have with you at any given moment — your telephone or your wallet?21*cnjy*com
⑤It is ____________ that they will come to attend the meeting.
答案　③possible　④likely　⑤likely/probable/possible
affect vt.影响；对……有坏影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭
[经典例句]It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.(2013·浙江·阅读理解B)
不是锻炼使你健康，更多的是缺乏锻炼使你身体很弱，容易被疾病感染。
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by
被……深深打动
be affected by heat/cold　　中暑/着凉
be affected with high fever   发高烧
(2)effect n.  作用；影响
have an effect on  对……产生影响
①All the people in the room were ________ to tears.21·cn·jy·com
屋里所有的人都被感动得流下了眼泪。
②We want to know whether the drug ________ people's health.
我们想知道这药对健康是否有影响。
答案　①affected　②has an effect on
【易混辨析】
effect n．
(因某事物而导致的)变化，常与介词on搭配

affect vt.
使……产生变化；对……有影响＝put/have an effect on...

influence
vt./n.
指通过举例或说服等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易察觉的潜移默化的影响

语境填词
③Modern farming methods have greatly ________ agriculture, the ________ of which will have an ________ on the environment.现代农耕方法已经极大地影响了农业，它的影响将对环境产生影响。www.21-cn-jy.com
答案　③affected；influence；effect
recognize  vt.认识，认出；承认
[经典例句]China on Wednesday urged Japan to recognize and examine its history of aggression so as to gain trust from the international community. 中国周三敦促日本承认并反省其侵略历史以取信于国际社会。版权所有
(1)recognize sb/sth by/from...
根据……认出某人/某物
be recognized to be/as...
被认作……/被认为是……
recognize＋that...
承认，认可……
It is recognized that...　　　人们公认……
(2)recognition n.  认识；认出
out of/beyond recognition  认不出来①Scientists used to believe that mothers recognize their children by sight only.科学家们过去常常认为母亲只是通过视觉来辨认自己的孩子。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
②____________ this is an unpleasant choice to have to make.
我们承认这是不得不做的令人不快的决定。
③My hometown has changed ________ since I was last here.自从我上次离开这里，我们的家乡已变得让人认不出来了。【出处：21教育名师】
答案　②It is recognized that　③beyond recognition
名师点睛 recognize是非延续性动词，不用于进行时。
[集 训 中 心]
Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．It is ________ (legal) for a person under 17 to drive a car in Britain.
2．All the ________ (participate) in the debate had an opportunity to speak.
3．Once you are ________(addict) to smoking，you're not likely to get out of it.
4. The traffic here is very ________ (danger) for children.【版权所有：21教育】
5．He has broad shoulders and ________(power)arms. 2-1-c-n-j-y
6．She is now under medical ________(treat)because she is seriously ill.
7．The number of employees was ________(reduction) from 40 to 25.
8．There is considerable ________(disagree) over the safety of the treatment.
答案　1.illegal　2.participants　3.addicted　4.dangerous　5.powerful　6.treatment　7.reduced　8.disagreement【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2013·江苏卷)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.21教育名师原创作品
A．reducing  B．reduced
C．being reduced  D．having reduced
答案　C　[考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受大规模的地震和损失之后不久，那个城市即呈现出新面貌。and为并列连词，前后是并列关系，前面的suffering from为动名词结构作after的宾语，此空填写的内容也应为after的宾语，因此使用动名词形式，从而排除选项B项。另外，be reduced to 为固定结构，意思为“使沦为”，因此此处使用被动式。根据以上分析，可以确定答案为C。]
2．According to the statistics, young drivers are more ________ to have accidents than older drivers.
A．possible  B．perhaps
C．probable  D．likely
答案　D　[句意：据统计，年轻的司机比老司机更有可能出事故。likely常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do...或It is likely that...。]
3．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond ________.
A．hearing  B．strength
C．recognition  D．measure
答案　C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前一分句的内容可知她变得让人“辨认”不出来了。recognition“认出，认识，识别”，符合句意。]
4．(2014·德阳一诊)The new survey shows that the number of students ________ computer games has been on the increase in recent years.
A．devoted to  B．related to
C．connected to  D．addicted to
答案　D　[be devoted to “致力于”； be related to “与……有联系”； be connected to “与……相关联”； be addicted to “对……上瘾的”。addicted to是分词短语作后置定语修饰students，指对电脑游戏上瘾的学生，因此D项正确。]
5．If Jim had been more independent, his parents' divorce would not have ________ him so deeply.
A．affected  B．impressed
C．attracted  D．inspired
答案　A　[句意：如果当时吉姆的独立能力再强一点的话，他父母的离异就不会对他的影响那么深了。affect影响；impress给……留下印象；attract吸引；inspire激励。根据句意可知选A项。]
[核 心 短 语]
break into 破门而入，强行闯入；突然……起来
[经典例句] We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.(2011·江西卷)
早晨到了工作地点，我们发现晚上有人闯入了办公室。
break in　　　　　　打断，闯入
break away from  脱离，突然逃脱
break through  突破，强行穿过
break down　　停止运转；失败；(健康)变得恶劣
① Everything was wonderful except that our car ________ twice on the way to Mount Emei.
在去峨眉山的途中，除了我们的汽车抛锚了两次一切都进展顺利。
②The boy tried to ________ his father but in vain.21教育网
那个男孩想挣脱父亲的手，但没成功。
答案　①broke down　②break away from
名师点睛 break in和break into都表示“闯入”，但二者用法不同。前者后面不跟宾语，不用于被动语态；后者可以接宾语，可用于被动语态。
belong to 属于；为……的财产；为……的一员
[经典例句]Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.
威廉姆斯教授不断地告诉他的学生们，未来属于那些受过良好教育的人。
①You may not understand what they have done, because they ________ a younger generation.你们可能不理解他们所做的，因为他们属于年轻一代。
②China is a country ________ the Third World.
中国是属于第三世界的国家。
答案　①belong to　②belonging to
名师点睛 (1)belong to 中的to为介词，后主要接名词或代词。(2)belong to不用于进行时态也没有被动形式。类似用法的还有take place, occur, happen等。
give up放弃；让给；停止
[经典例句]As the government of Syria has decided to give up chemical weapons, it avoids being attacked by some western countries.因为叙利亚政府决定放弃化学武器，它避免了一些西方国家的打击。2·1·c·n·j·y
give sth up to　　把……让给(献给)……
give away  泄露(机密)；暴露；分发(奖品等)
give in (to)  (向……)屈服，(向……)让步
give way to  给……让路；被……代替
①They argued back and forth until finally Jack ________.　　21*cnjy*com
他们反复争论，直到最后杰克让步为止。
②He said he hadn't told her，but his face ________ himself ________.
他说他没告诉她，可他的脸色出卖了他。
答案　①gave in　②gave；away
[集 训 中 心]
Ⅰ.介、副词填空
1．Wealth is seldom related ________ happiness.
2．As the President's car arrived，the crowd broke ________ loud applause.
3．The car belonging ________ me is much newer than yours.
4．The children became addicted ________ computer games two years ago.
5．She realized she was wrong and gave ________ the argument.
答案　1.to　2.into　3.to　4.to　5.up
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·泸洲一诊)The Diaoyu Islands, in the East China Sea between China and Japan, ________ China since ancient times.21cnjy.com
A．are belonged to  B．have belonged to
C．are belonging to  D．belonged to
答案　B　[句意：钓鱼岛位于中国和日本之间的东海，自古以来就是中国的领土。根据时间状语since ancient times可知用现在完成时。belong to无进行时和被动语态。]21·世纪*教育网
2．I tried to persuade him to ________ drinking,  but  he wouldn't listen to me.
A．give away  B．give way
C．give in  D．give up
答案　D　[句意：我试图说服他戒酒，但他不听。give up意为“放弃，戒掉”，符合句意。give away分发；give way让路，让步；give in屈服。]
[核 心 句 型]
I couldn't agree more.
我非常同意。(我再同意不过了。)
can't/couldn't＋比较级，该句型表示“非常……；不能再……”，从表面上看是否定的形式，而实际上是用否定的形式表示肯定的概念，表达最高级的含义。
①They couldn't have done it any better.
他们做得非常好。
表示最高级意义的常用结构还有：
(1)比较级＋
than＋
(2)完成时＋never＋
(3)can't...＋
②Tom is taller than any other student in our class.
汤姆是我们班最高的学生。
③He said that he ____________ such a glorious sunrise.他说他从未见过这样壮观的日出。
④He is so kind and helpful; you ____________.
他既善良又乐于助人，你再怎么表扬他都不为过。
答案　③had never seen　④can't praise him too much
Whatever you're doing when you want to smoke－do something else！当你想抽烟时，无论你在做什么，(停下来去)找点儿别的事做！
whatever在此处引导了一个让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。
Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time.(2013·广东·阅读理解B)
无论你做什么，如果你想做的很好，在很长一段时间内，你需要日复一日的工作，几近于到痴迷的地步。
(1)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(2)whenever, wherever, however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how，意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。
(3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
①You may take whatever you want.你可以拿你想要的任何东西。(≠no matter what, 引导________)
②____________ we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
无论我们什么时候遇到困难，他们都来帮忙。
答案　①宾语从句　②Whenever/No matter when
[集 训 中 心]
Ⅰ.句型转换
However great the difficulties are, we must complete the task in time.
＝____________ the difficulties are, we must complete the task in time.
答案　No matter how great
Ⅱ.单项填空
(原创)________ Zhang Ziyi needs to make a decision in the program The X Factor China, she appears calm and confident－her emotional intelligence really shines through.
A．However  B．Whatever
C．Whichever  D．Whenever
答案　D　[句意：在《中国最强音》这档节目上，每当章子怡需要做出决定，她总是表现得泰然自若——她的情商令她大放光彩。whenever引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么时候”。]
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．To my surprise，many teenagers are addicted to play computer games.________.
2．As we all know，America is a country belonged to the First World.________.
答案　1.play―→playing　2.am―→are
[单 元 语 法]
不定式作目的状语和结果状语从句
1．(2014·绵阳一诊)The Forbidden City and emperors' mysterious lives have been transformed into cartoon books by a Hong Kong team ________ traditional culture among children.
A．promoting  B．promoted
C．to promote  D．to be promoted
答案　C　[句意：一个香港团队把紫禁城和皇帝的神秘的生活改编成卡通漫画书以便在儿童中促进传统文化。动词不定式短语作目的状语。]
2．(原创)The animal protection organization paid a great deal of money to a dog trader ________ nearly 1,000 dogs that were to be delivered to restaurants in Guangxi.
A．rescuing  B．to rescue
C．rescued  D．having rescued
答案　B　[句意：这个动物保护组织支付给狗贩子一大笔钱以救回那些运往广西餐馆的近1 000只狗。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。]
3．At the bad news, she was so sad ________ I had to stay here keeping her company.
A．as  B．when  C．that  D．and
答案　C　[考查结果状语从句及固定搭配。句意：听到这个不好的消息，她如此悲伤以至于我得留下来陪她。此句采用了“so...that”结构，that引导的是结果状语从句。]