必修三Unit 1　The world of our senses

　第一层级——背词汇、学写句，让作文有话可说

一、背词汇
[常用词汇]
(1)virtue n．　　　　　　 美德
(2)action n.   行动
(3)faith n.   信念
(4)fame n.   名声
(5)respect n.   尊敬
(6)reputation n.   名声
(7)unite v.   团结
(8)donate v.   捐助
(9)defeat v．　　　　　 战胜
(10)suffer v.   遭受
(11)precious adj.  宝贵的
(12)meaningful adj.   有意义的
(13)set up    建立
(14)thanks to   多亏
(15)call for   需要，要求
(16)launch/start a campaign   发起一项运动
[亮点词汇]
(1)convey v．　　　　　　 传达
(2)indifferent adj.   不关心的
(3)definitely adv.   肯定地
(4)in the face of   面对
(5)in need   在贫困中的；在危难中的
(6)spare no efforts to do sth.  　　 不遗余力做某事
(7)rather than   而不是
(8)contribute to   有助于；导致
(9)raise one's awareness   唤醒某人
(10)come across   偶遇
二、学写句(按要求完成句子并背诵)

他们刚到车站就遇见了那位年轻人。
我只要见到有人需要帮助，我就会尽力去帮助他。

They met the young man as soon as they got to the station.?使用hardly ...when ...
的倒装    句式
      If I see someone in trouble， I will do my best to help him.

       Hardly had they got to the station when they came across the young man.
　Whenever I see someone in_need,_I will spare_no_efforts to help him.



(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．It surprised and kind of embarrassed me that many distant relatives, most of whom I hardly recognized (认出), turned up for my brother's wedding.
2．As the news came that an earthquake was on the way, a wave of panic (惊慌) swept through the crowd and people started running.
3．To ensure food safety, the government has promised to reduce (减少) the amount of chemicals used in food production.
4．You've got to appear calm (镇静的) in an interview even if you're nervous inside.
5．With exams approaching (临近), it's a good idea to review your class notes.
6．The baby stretched out a tiny hand and grasped (抓住) my finger tightly until I showed him a toy.
7．Many people feel that the Prime Minister spends too much time on foreign trips and is ignoring (忽视) national problems.
8．Don't hesitate (犹豫) to contact me if you need any more information.
9．To our great relief (宽慰) the children all arrived home safely.
10．Attach (附上) a recent photograph to your application form.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．You may be surprised at my speaking so loudly with my grandpa. After all, he's getting old and his hearing (hear) isn't very good.
2．At sunrise, we walked through the foggy (fog) fields, breathing the fresh air.
3．Deaf though the girl is, she refuses to let her disability (ability) prevent her from doing what she wants.
4．Mrs. Carson is firmly (firm) convinced that the education her son has received will enable him to be a useful man.
5．The mother tried to make raised (raise) maps with soil to help her child have a good understanding of the world.
6．The travellers in the desert saw in the distance (distant) a lake and trees growing beside it, but they didn't exist actually.
7．The doctor wrote a report after analysing (analysis) the data from the case histories of thousands of patients.
8．I must admit I've never found him particularly attractive (attract)．
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．What you said left all of us in confusion. We were confused completely.(confuse)
2．My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don't arrive when we say we will. We can even feel her anxiety.(anxious)
3．The observer has been observing the situation of that region for a long time, so his observation is believable.(observe)


1．I looked in her face for some response, but she just stared_at (盯着看) me blankly.
2．I left my wallet at home. Can you lend me 10 dollars? I will pay it back (偿还) to you on Friday.
3．Mark was thought of as a failure. But contrary_to (与……相反) all our expectations, he's found a well-paid job and a nice girlfriend.
4．In China, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning attached_to (附在……上) them that smoking is harmful to health.
5．If you wish_for (企盼) any further explanation, you had better apply in person to the chief of police.
6．The doctor said I may be sick, and that I must watch_out_for (当心) symptoms which can send me to hospital.
7．It's advisable not to consult the dictionary the moment you come_across (遇到) a new word. Try to guess at its meaning.
8．Any significant social change brings about problems and it is essential to work_out (制订出) proper solutions.
【短语归纳】
1．in sight　　　　　　　 看得见，在视力范围内
2．contrary to   与……相反
3．stare at   盯着看，睁大眼睛看
4．attach ... to ...   把……附在……上
5．reach out   伸出(手)
6．pay back   偿还；回报，还击；报复
7．make sense   有意义；讲得通
8．work out   制订出；算出；进展顺利
9．come across   邂逅，不期而遇
10．wish for   企盼
11．watch out for   当心，留心，密切注意
12．roll up   卷起来


1．Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
波莉抬头看去，发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。
[解读]　find herself staring为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
[仿写]　我们发现让学生有足够的睡眠很重要。
We find_it_important to let students have enough sleep.
2．While having dinner, listen to some enjoyable music rather than watch television.
吃饭的时候听一些好听的音乐而不是看电视。
[解读]　rather than常用于平行结构中，意为“而不是”。
[仿写]　我宁愿在家看《中国好声音》也不愿去电影院看电影。
I'd prefer to watch the Voice of China at home rather_than go to the cinema.
3．Don't be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
不要惧怕鲨鱼，因为你被闪电击中的几率可能要比被鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。
[解读]　...30 times more likely ...than ...为倍数表达法。
[仿写]　据估计，今天到会的人员比上次多两倍。
It is estimated that the people present at the meeting today are twice/double_than those of last time.

一、常考词汇细点拨
1．observe vt.观察；注意到；评论；遵守；庆祝
[教材原句]　As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.
当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感觉有个穿着黑色大衣的高个男人一直在看着她。
①Failure to observe all Park rules could result in being driven out of the Park without refund.(2013·江苏高考)
不能遵守公园的规章制度将会导致不退款被驱逐出公园。
(1)observe Christmas/New Year's Day庆祝圣诞/元旦
observe
(2)observation n．　　　　　  观察；注意；监视
under observation   受监视/观察
②The guard observed a young man stealing from the office.21·cn·jy·com
门卫注意到一位年轻人正从办公室里偷东西。
③The police observed the man enter the bank.
＝ The man was_observed_to_enter the bank by the police.【版权所有：21教育】
警方监视着那位男子进入了银行。
[名师指津]　observe sb.do sth.结构如果改成被动语态，应补上省略的to，即sb.be observed to do sth.类似用法的动词还有see, watch, hear, feel等。
[一言串记]　When we observe festivals, we must observe the traffic regulations. If we observe someone running a red light, we should stop him.
当我们庆祝节日的时候必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们应该阻止他。
2．approach vt.靠近，接近；着手处理 n．靠近；方法；途径
[教材原句]　As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching, but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone.
当她沿着狭窄的街道走着时，波莉听到了一阵脚步声正在靠近，可当她走到街道拐角处时，脚步声又消失了。
 ①If you don't know how to approach the problem, you can ask me for help.
如果你不知道如何处理这个问题，你可以向我求助。
(1)approach sb. about/on (doing) sth.
 　　　　　　　　　　 　 与某人谈/商量(做)某事
(2)an approach to (doing) sth.  (做)某事的方法/途径
make approaches to sb.   接近某人；与某人打交道
at the approach of   在快到……的时候
②Have you approached the manager about taking a day off next week?
你是否同经理谈过下周请一天假的事？
③Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ任务型阅读)2-1-c-n-j-y
商业就是给顾客提供他们所需的商品和服务的一种组织方法。
[名师指津]　approach表示“……的方法/途径”时，后常接介词to；当表示某人或某物来临时，其后常接介词of。
④The approach of the final examination is making me nervous.
期末考试的临近使我感到紧张。
[一言串记]　He approached the approach to the museum under the cover of the dark.
借着夜幕的掩护他接近了博物馆的入口处。
3．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
[教材原句]　‘Of course.You really shouldn't feel anxious.’ He held her hand more firmly.
“当然了。你真的不必担心。” 他更加坚定地握住她的手。
(1)be anxious about/for sb./sth. 对某人/某事感到忧虑
be anxious to do sth.   渴望做某事
be anxious that ...   渴望……[从句谓语用(should＋)动词原形]
(2)anxiety n.   焦虑；担心
(3)anxiously adv.   焦虑地；不安地
①Helen is anxious about traveling on her own.
海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。
②She was anxious that he (should)_meet her father.
她盼望他见她父亲。
③He closed his eyes and lay still, trying to remove his mind of anxiety.
他闭上眼睛躺着不动，试图消除内心的焦虑。
[联想归纳]　表示渴望(做)某事的常用短语还有：
long_to_do_sth./for_sth.;_desire_to_do_sth./for_sth.;_be_eager_to_do_sth./for_sth.;_be_dying_to_do_sth./for_sth.等。
4．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认
[教材原句]　Scientists used to believe that mothers recognize their children by sight only.
科学家们过去常常认为母亲只是通过视觉来辨认自己的孩子。
①Today the “Fringe”， once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
“Fringe”曾经不被承认，而现在它已经成为持续21天，而且每天有约1 500种剧院、音乐、舞蹈等表演的盛大艺术节。
(1)recognize sb./sth.by/from ...
　　　　　　 根据……认出某人/某物
be recognized to be/as ...
   被认作……，被认为是……
It is generally recognized that ...　　人们公认……
(2)recognition n.   认识；认出
out of/beyond recognition   认不出来
②We recognized Jobs as/to_be a genius of computer.
我们认为乔布斯是个电脑天才。
③My hometown has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里，我们的家乡已变得让人认不出来了。
[名师指津]　recognize是非延续性动词，不用于进行时。
5．attach vt.使连在一起，把……附在……上；认为……重要
[教材原句]　During the operation, Mr Liu had a new hand attached.
在手术中，刘先生被接上了一只新手。
(1)attach sth. to sth.　 将……附在……上
attach importance/significance/value to
    认为……重要/有意义/有价值
(2)attached adj.   依恋的；爱慕的；附属的
be attached to   附属于；喜欢，爱慕
①Status is the honor or respect attached to a person's position in society.(2013·陕西高考阅读C)
身份就是对一个人社会地位的荣耀或尊重。
②Parents should attach_importance_to developing children's good habits in life.
父母应该重视培养孩子良好的生活习惯。
③We are very attached to this house and would hate to move.
我们十分留恋这所房子，真舍不得搬家。
[熟词生义]　猜测句中attach的含义
④A young man attached himself to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him.
A．认为……重要　　B．缠着　　C．使连在一起
答案：B
[链接高考]
(2010·江西高考)Parents ________ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A．attach　　　　　　　　　　 B．pay
C．link   D．apply
解析：选A　句意：父母都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。attach much importance to“认为……非常重要”，为习惯搭配。pay“付出”，构成短语pay attention to“重视，注意”；link ...to ...“把……与……联系起来”；apply to“适应”。
6．calm adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的；风平浪静的vt. & vi.使平静，镇静
[高考佳句]　Some stars stay calm by surrounding them-selves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.(2013·北京高考阅读C)
一些明星通过和信任的朋友和家人待在一起或逃离到远离大城市的地方来求得安静。
keep/stay/remain calm　　　　　　保持镇静
calm (sb.) down   (使某人)平静下来
①It is important to keep calm in an emergency.
情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。
②She was extremely annoyed about the way David behaved at her party the other night, but I managed to_calm_her_down in the end.
她对大卫那晚在她舞会上的举止非常恼怒，但是最终我还是设法使她平静了下来。
[辨析比较]　calm, quiet, silent, still
试一试　选择以上单词填空
③The great scientist lives a quiet life and always keeps silent about what others think of him.
④Keep still while I am cutting your hair.
⑤She remained calm even in the face of danger.
辨一辨
calm
指天气、海洋风平浪静的，也指人镇静的，沉着的，冷静的，平静的

quiet
安静的，宁静的，轻声的，指没有吵闹和骚乱的“静”，侧重于无动静、无声响；用于指人性格温和的，不易于激动的

silent
沉默的，无声的，不开口的，侧重于不出声

still
静止的，不动的；寂静的，侧重于无声的、无行动的


7．likely adj.可能的
[高考佳句]　Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.(2013·湖北高考阅读E)
然而，65岁或年龄更大一些的成年人更可能对未来生活的满意度不高。
be likely to do sth.　　　　　 可能做某事
It is likely that ...   很可能……
not likely   不可能
①If the Chinese economy was to suffer a nasty accident over the next few years, it is likely that housing will be at the bottom of it.
如果说中国经济在未来几年会遇到严重问题，那么其根源可能会是房地产市场。
②The weather is_likely_to_be_fine tomorrow.
＝It is likely that the weather will be fine tomorrow.
明天天气可能会很晴朗。
[辨析比较]　likely, possible, probable
试一试　选择以上单词填空
③It is possible for her to work out the maths problem in such a short time because she is very clever.
④Which are you more likely to have with you at any given moment — your telephone or your wallet?
⑤It is likely/probable/possible that they will come to attend the meeting.
辨一辨
likely
常用句型：①it is likely that ...；②sb./sth. be likely to do sth.

possible
常用句型：①it is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；
②it is possible that ...

probable
常用句型：it is probable that ...


8．employ vt.使用；雇佣
[高考佳句]　A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
1971年首次雇用了一个管理人员，现在有8名工作人员全年上班，8月份期间员工数量增加到150人。
(1)employ sb.as ...　　　　 雇用某人任……的职位
employ sb. to do sth.   雇用某人做某事
 从事/忙于(做)某事
(2)employer n.   雇主；老板
employee n.   雇员；雇工
employment n.   就业；工作
①They employed an experienced woman to look after the baby.
他们聘请了一位有经验的女士照料婴儿。
②More scientists are_employed_in/are_employing_themselves_in studies to develop new medicines.
更多的科学家正在从事开发新药的研究。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．hesitate v．犹豫，迟疑不决
①hesitate to do sth.　　　　　 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
②hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.
   (做)某事犹豫不决
③without hesitation   毫不犹豫地
I don't hesitate to call out, but he had no choice to respond to me.
我毫不犹豫地大喊，但他无奈地回应了我。
2．relief n．轻松，宽慰
①in relief　　　　　　　　 如释重负；松了口气
②   使某人大松口气
③It is a relief to do sth.   做某事是令人欣慰的
Much to my relief, I was on time to catch the last train at the last minute.
我最庆幸的是，我在最后一分钟赶上了最后一班火车。
3．reduce vt.&vi.减少
①reduce to   减少为……
②reduce by   减少了……
4．panic vi. & n．惊慌，恐慌
①panic sb. into doing sth.使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事
②get into a panic   陷入惊慌状态
③in (a) panic   惊慌失措地
I got into a panic/was in panic when I found the door was locked.
当我发觉门锁上了，我十分惊慌。
[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　                           　　　
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·江西赣中四校联考)My brother sent me an email with one of his photos on Mount Tai ________ to it.
A．attached   B．attach
C．attaching   D．to attach
解析：选A　句意：我哥哥发给我一封电子邮件并附上了一张他在泰山照的相片。分析句子结构可知，attach与one of his photos之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
2．(2014·盐城高三模拟)If you are ________ about the country you are going to visit, find a book to read.
A．serious   B．curious
C．anxious   D．interested
解析：选B　句意：如果你对要游览的国家好奇，先找本书读读。be curious about “对……好奇”，符合句意。serious“严肃的”；anxious“焦虑的”；be interested in“对……感兴趣”。
3．(2014·无锡辅仁高级中学模拟)—Help！Help! Police ...
—________， madam. What's the trouble?
A．Be quiet   B．Calm down
C．Shut your mouth   D．So rude
解析：选B　句意：“救命！救命！警察……”“冷静点，夫人。出了什么事？”calm down“(使)平静下来，(使)镇定”，符合题意。
4．(2014·合肥质检)________ in preparations for the press conference all day, she couldn't afford any more time for the party.
A．To employ   B．Employing
C．Employed   D．Having employed
解析：选C　句意：她整天一直忙于为这次记者招待会做准备工作，所以没有抽出时间参加这次聚会。be employed in (doing) sth.“忙于(做)某事”，此处应用过去分词形式作原因状语。
5．(2014·太原高三一模)To record the animal's natural life, we had to ________ it quietly and watched it carefully.
A．ignore   B．train
C．hunt   D．approach
解析：选D　句意：为了记录动物的自然生活，我们必须悄悄地接近它，并小心仔细地观察。ignore“忽视，不理睬”；train“训练”；hunt“打猎，搜寻”；approach“接近，靠近”。
6．(2014·皖北协作区联考)It's reported that women with demanding jobs are almost ________ to suffer a heart attack.
A．as likely twice   B．likely twice as
C．twice as likely   D．twice likely as
解析：选C　本题考查的是“主语＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj.或adv.的原级(＋as＋比较对象)”。根据句意可知，此处表示“几乎是……的两倍可能会患心脏病”，所以用“twice as likely”。
7．—So you didn't say hello to him last night?
—Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he ________ me and walked on.
A．ignored   B．refused
C．denied   D．missed
解析：选A　答句句意：哦，我看到他就停下来冲他微笑，但是他没理我就走了。ignore“不理睬，忽视”，符合句意。refuse“拒绝”；deny“否认”；miss“怀念，错过”。
8．(2012·江苏高考)—Don't worry, Mum.The doctor said it was only the flu.
—________！ I'll tell Dad there's nothing serious.
A．What a relief   B．Congratulations
C．How surprising   D．I'm so sorry
解析：选A　句意：“妈妈，别担心。医生说这只是感冒。”“终于可以松口气了！我将告诉你爸爸这没什么严重的。”A项意为“真是松了口气”；B项意为“祝贺”；C项意为“多么令人惊讶啊”；D项意为“我很抱歉”。根据句意可知A项正确。　　21*cnjy*com
Ⅱ.多维演练
题组1　observe面面观
1．根据语境写出句中observe的汉语意思
①Do they observe Christmas Day in that country？庆祝
②I felt he was observing everything I did.观察
③Everyone should observe the rules of our class.遵守
④I have observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success.(2012·江苏高考任务型阅读)注意到
2．句型转换(每空一词)
⑤Someone observed the thief open the window and run away.
→The thief was observed to open the window and run away.
⑥She observed that the pond was drying up.
→She observed the pond drying up.
3．(2014·南京一中模拟)The US should ________ the three Sino-Us joint communiques and the basic norms of international relations.
A．approve   B．observe
C．accomplish   D．accelerate
解析：选B　句意：美国应遵守中美三个联合公报和国际关系基本准则。observe意为“遵守”，符合句意。approve“批准”；accomplish“完成”；accelerate“促进”。
题组2　recognize多棱镜
1．介、副词填空
①His face was swollen almost beyond recognition.
②Everyone recognized him as an excellent player.
2．一句多译
人们公认第30届奥运会是一项非常成功的赛事。
③The_30th_Olympic_Games_was_recognized_to_be/as_a_great_success.
④It_is_generally_recognized_that_the_30th_Olympic_Games_was_a_great_success.
3．(2014·苏州名校高三联合测试)________ among the crowd by Mike, her net friend, she was wearing a bright blue skirt in particular.21教育网
A．Recognized   B．To be recognized
C．To recognize   D．Having been recognized
解析：选B　句意：为了在人群中被她的网友迈克认出来，她特意穿了一条鲜艳的蓝裙子。不定式在句中作目的状语。动词recognize和she之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，用不定式的被动语态形式，故选B。21教育名师原创作品

1．in sight 看得到，在视力范围之内
[教材原句]　There was no one  in sight.
一个人也看不见。
①The boys got home and ate everything in sight.
男孩们到家后吃掉了所有能看到的东西。
catch sight of　　　　　 看见
lose sight of    看不见
at first sight   初看时
at the sight of   一看见……(就……)
out of sight   看不见
②She was walking in the street when she caught sight of a car in the distance.
她正在街上散步，这时看见远处有一辆汽车。
③Brave man as he is, he trembles at_the_sight_of snakes.
他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。
2．reach out 伸出(手)，伸手拿
[教材原句]　A few seconds later, a hand reached out and grasped her arm.
几秒钟后，有一只手伸了过来，抓住了她的胳膊。
①When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you.(2012·新课标全国卷任务型阅读)
当你需要帮助时，向关心你的人伸出手。
reach for　　　　　　　 伸手去拿
within reach   伸手可及的，够得着的
 
②The teacher set the papers he was marking on one side and reached for his cigarettes and matches.
老师将手中批改的试卷搁到一边，伸手去拿香烟和火柴。
③His thought is beyond_the_reach_of my imagination.
他的思想不是我所能想象得到的。
[链接高考]
(2011·四川高考)Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children's ________.
A．touch　　　　　　　　　 B．sight
C．reach   D．distance
解析：选C　句意：切记将诸如小刀之类的危险物品放在孩子们够不到的地方。out of one's reach“在某人够不着的地方”，符合句意。out of touch“失去联系”；out of sight“看不见”；out of distance“离……太远，达不到”。
3．watch out for 留心，密切注意
[高考佳句]　Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.(2012·天津高考阅读A)
当心步行者和其他骑车人，在黑暗中总是要亮着你的灯。
watch out 　　　　　　 小心；提防
watch for   守候，等待
watch over   看守；监视；照管
①Watch out! There's a bus driving fast toward here.
当心！一辆客车正飞速驶来。
②The prisoners watched for a chance to escape.
犯人等待逃跑的机会。
③It is said that each country would have its own experts to watch_over the changes.
据说每个国家会有自己的专家来监视这些变化。
[联想归纳]　表示“当心，留神”的短语还有：
①look out for　②take care　③be careful
[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．如果你晚上在丛林中迷了路，要提防危险的动物。
 If you are lost in the woods at night, watch_out_for the dangerous animals.
2．如果你在任何地方看见他，就去报警。
If you ever catch_sight_of him anywhere, call the police.
3．记住一定要把所有的药放在孩子们够不到的地方。
Remember to keep all medicines out_of_the_reach_of children.
4．他伸出手来将钱拿走。
He reached_out his hand and took the money away.
5．我不是在告诉你你可以拥有任何你想要的东西。
I'm not trying to tell you that you can have anything you wish_for.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·南通中学模拟)—________！There's a car coming.
—Thank you.It's really dangerous.
A．Come out   B．Watch out
C．Cheer up   D．Hurry up
解析：选B　根据There's a car coming (有汽车过来了)和Thank you可知， 说话人在提醒对方注意车辆，故选B。
2．(2014·徐州高三模拟)It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot________easy reach.
A．near   B．upon
C．within   D．around
解析：选C　句意：在厨房里把你经常使用的东西放在触手可及的地方会节省许多时间。within reach“触手可及的，在……可达到的范围之内”，为习惯搭配。
3．(2014·合肥八中模拟)Lin Tao is ready to be a Lei Feng and will do everything without expecting anything ________.
A．in turn   B．in return
C．in person   D．in sight
解析：选B　句意：林涛准备做一个像雷锋一样的人，只求奉献不求回报。in return“作为回报”，without expecting anything in return“不求回报”，符合句意。

1．Polly found_herself_staring_up at the face of an old man with a beard.
波莉抬头看去，发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。
本句中使用了“find＋复合宾语”，表示发现自己做某事或处于某种状态。
find带复合宾语的构成形式：
find＋sb./sth.＋
①Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing.(2013·湖南高考阅读B)
乘车穿行在大山中，我并没有感到快乐，却觉得很压抑。
②He woke up and found himself in hospital.
他醒来发觉自己在医院里。
③He tried the door and found it unlocked.
他试了试，发现门没有锁。
④I found the people there to be enthusiastic and very friendly.
我发现那儿的人们热情友好。
[链接高考]
(2011·浙江高考)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.
A．lose   B．lost
C．to lose   D．having lost
解析：选B　此处lost是过去分词作themselves的宾语补足语。语意表示“甚至最好的作家有时候也会表达不出来”，所以选B。
2．You are 30_times_more_likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
你被闪电击中的几率可能要比被鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。
30 times more ... than ...意为“比……大30倍”，是一种倍数表达法。
倍数表达法的常见结构：
倍数＋
①He has read twice more books than I have.
他读过的书是我读过的两倍多。
②Our school which was built last year is three_times_as big as his.
我们去年才建的学校是他的学校的三倍大。
③This city is almost four_times_the_size of that city.
这个城市的面积几乎是那个城市的四倍大。
④The output of this year is double/twice what it was last year.
今年的产量是去年的两倍。
[名师指津]　(1)表示两倍用twice或double，三倍及以上用数词＋times；
(2)前面的倍数还可以是分数、百分数、小数或a quarter, half等。
[链接高考]
(2013·安徽高考)It's said that the power plant is now ________ large as what it was.
A．twice as   B．as twice
C．twice much   D．much twice
解析：选A　句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数表达法有多种，此处考查的是“倍数词＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋其他”结构，故选A。
[句型对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.句型转换(每空一词)
1．This table is three times as big as that one.
→This table is three times the size of that one.
→This table is twice bigger than that one.
2．He hurried to his hometown, only to find that his house had been destroyed in a fire.
→He hurried to his hometown, only to find his house destroyed (destroy) in a fire.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·南京一模)In the job interviews, job applicants often find themselves ________ unexpected questions, some very difficult to answer.
A．to ask   B．asked
C．to be asked   D．asking
解析：选B　分析句子结构可知，ask和themselves之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用asked作find的宾语补足语。
2．You'd better go there by train. The train ticket is ________ the plane ticket.
A．as cheap three times as   B．as three times cheap as
C．three times cheaper than   D．cheaper three times than
解析：选C　句意：你最好乘火车去那里。火车票比飞机票便宜三倍。本题考查了倍数表达法的常用句型“倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ...”，结合选项可知C项正确。

名词性从句(Ⅰ)
1．(2014·徐州第一中学模拟)—What has made John look like lacking sleep?
—________ he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night.
A．For   B．Because
C．That   D．What
解析：选C　分析句子结构可知，答语是回答上面句子中的主语“What”的，故此句是一个主语从句，缺少引导词，而引导词在从句中不充当成分。
2．(2014·江西九江中学高三一模)There is some doubt among people  ________  $749 is too much for an iPhone 4.
A．that   B．whether
C．what   D．if
解析：选B　句意：许多人怀疑花749美元买个iPhone 4是否太贵了。“There is some doubt whether...”是固定句型，doubt是名词，后面跟whether引导的同位语从句。
3．(2014·安徽皖西四校高三联考)Scientists have found evidence ________ global warming caused the world's first horses to become smaller nearly 50 million years ago.
A．what   B．that
C．which   D．whether
解析：选B　句意：科学家们已经找到证据，证明大约5 000万年前，全球变暖使世界上首批马的个头变小了。根据句意可知，空后说的是evidence的内容，并且引导词在从句中不作成分，所以用that引导同位语从句。
4．(2014·南京高三年级模拟考试)It remains to be seen ________ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going.
A．whether   B．how
C．where   D．when
解析：选A　句意：这个计划是否足够实用，以使这个项目继续下去还有待观察。it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。whether“是否”，符合句意。
5．(2014·常州高三模拟)What we can learn from the story is ________ you  mustn't  blame  children  for  the mistakes of their parents.
A．where   B．what
C．whether   D．that
解析：选D　分析句子结构可知，“what we can learn from the story”是主语从句，is是系动词，所填词引导表语从句，而且在从句中不作成分，故用that。

A卷
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·盐城高三调研)As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment, it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A．the; /　　　　　　　　　 B．/; /
C．the; a   D．an; the
解析：选B　第一空后的unemployment是抽象名词，表泛指，其前不用冠词；第二空后的work是不可数名词，其前也不用冠词，故选B。
2．(2012·天津高考)Parents and children should communicate more to ________ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
A．open   B．narrow
C．widen   D．leave
解析：选B　句意：为了减少家长和孩子之间的代沟，他们应该多交流，以便他们更好地相互了解。narrow the gap在这里意为“减少代沟”，依据句意可排除A、C、D三项。
3．(2014·苏南三校联考)On her birthday, she received a nice present from her parents ________ a note was attached, saying “We love you so much.”
A．that　　　　　　　　　　 B．to which
C．in which   D．which
解析：选B　attach与介词to搭配，意为“附上，附加”，故定语从句用to which引导。
4．(2014·盐城中学模拟)In the reading room, we found her ________ at a desk, with her attention ________ on a book.
A．sitting; fixing   B．sit; fixed
C．sitting; to be fixed   D．seated; fixed
解析：选D　考查“find＋复合结构”和with复合结构。第一个空用sitting或seated均可， sitting表示动作的持续，seated表示状态； fix与her attention之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词。
5．(2014·安庆一中模拟)She collected ________ I did for Project Hope the other day.
A．three times as many money as
B．three times much money than
C．three times more money than
D．three times many more money
解析：选C　有些考生可能会认为A项符合倍数的表达方法，从而错选A。事实上，money为不可数名词，A、D项首先被排除；B、C项中都出现了than，其前的形容词应用比较级，故选C。
6．(2014·苏州四校质检)Whenever I ask him for help, he doesn't ________ me, which moves me a lot.
A．hesitate helping   B．hesitate to help
C．bend down to help   D．doubt to help
解析：选B　句意：无论何时我找他帮忙，他都会毫不犹豫地帮助我，这让我很感动。hesitate to do sth.“迟疑干某事”，符合句意。
7．(2014·泰州田家炳实验中学调研)It doesn't make any sense for us to ________ foreigners on public occasions, which will in turn make them ________ us.
A．stare at; glare at   B．look at; gaze at
C．observe; glance at   D．glare at; watch
解析：选A　句意：对于我们来说在公共场合盯着外国人看没有意义，这反过来会让他们怒视我们。stare at“盯着看”；glare at“怒目而视”；glance at“匆匆一瞥”；look at指普通意义的看；gaze at“凝视”；observe“观察”。
8．(2014·哈尔滨高三质检) Some people think environmental protection has nothing to do with them or ________ they can do nothing about it.
A．that   B．why
C．whether  D．how
解析：选A　在主从句中，有的连词只起连接作用，有的不仅起连接作用，还在从句中作一定的成分。本题题干中从句成分完整，故选择that引导该从句，that只起连接作用。
9．(2014·宿迁高三模拟)For years the government of that country ________ their responsibility when it comes to the mentally ill.
A．ignored   B．is ignoring
C．has ignored   D．ignores
解析：选C　句意：多年来，该国政府忽视了他们对精神病患者的责任。句中有“for＋时间段”，要用现在完成时。
10．(2014·安徽泗县二中检测)He tried hard to keep ________ in face of the policeman, but the sweat on his forehead gave him away.
A．silent   B．still
C．calm   D．quiet
解析：选C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：面对警察，他尽可能地想保持镇静，但是额头上的汗水使他暴露无遗。silent“沉默不语的”；still“一动不动的”；calm“(心情)平静的，镇静的”；quiet“安静的”。
11．(2014·湖北黄石三校高三调研)Though seats in the library are tight, my friend Tom had ________ one for me.
A．observed   B．deserved
C．reserved   D．served
解析：选C　句意：尽管图书馆的座位很紧张，我的朋友汤姆还是帮我留了一个座位。reserve“保留”，符合句意。observe“注意到，观察到”；deserve“值得，应得”；serve“供应，提供”。
12．(2014·扬州高三检测)When father came back, he found that the children were employed ________ the garden.
A．to weed   B．in weeding
C．weeded   D．of weeding
解析：选B　句意：当父亲回来时，他发现孩子们正在忙着给花园除草。be employed in doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。
13．(2014·江阴高三模拟)That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A．reducing   B．to reduce
C．reduced   D．reduce
解析：选B　句意：那是我们能想出的减少学生浴室过度用水的唯一方式。to reduce the overuse of water作the only way的定语，we can imagine是个定语从句，也用来修饰the only way。
14．—Oh, it's you. I ________  you.
—I've just had my hair cut and I'm wearing new glasses.
A．didn't recognize   B．hadn't recognized
C．haven't recognized   D．don't recognize
解析：选A　从对话的情景来看，“我没认出你”是在说话之前发生的事，现在已经认出来了，故“没认出”是发生在过去的事，故用一般过去时。
15．(2013·黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟)—Don't you think learning English wastes much time?
—________. You haven't got a proper method, I suppose.
A．I hope not   B．Oh, I can't afford it
C．Not likely   D．Exactly
解析：选C　考查交际用语。句意：“难道你不认为学习英语浪费了太多的时间吗？”“不见得，我想你可能没有找到一个正确的方法。”I hope not“我希望不是这样”；Oh, I can't afford it“我不能支付的起它”；Not likely“不见得，不太可能”；Exactly“确实”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2014·无锡高三质检)When it comes to success in business and success in life,  there are few qualities as important as confidence.
People naturally have different levels of confidence. Some have a higher level of confidence than others do, but even those whose confidence is lacking can learn to build their level of confidence and reach their most important goals. Increasing self-confidence is one of the most common reasons people give for seeking the help of psychologists and other professionals.
One of the many places where a greater level of confidence is useful is in the workplace.  We all know how difficult it can be, for instance, to ask the boss for a raise. This process can be extremely difficult for those who lack confidence in their own abilities. After all, if you are unsure about your own abilities, how will you ever convince your boss that you deserve more money for the work you do?
Even if you are not asking for that big raise, having plenty of confidence in your abilities is important to success. If you are certain of your abilities, chances are that those around you, whether they are your coworkers, your colleagues or your superiors, will see that confidence, and that will help to assure them that you are the best at what you do.
Being thought of as the person to go to, and being seen as an expert in your chosen field, is naturally very important to success on the job. If you can make yourself the person people go to for guidance and advice, you will help to protect yourself from the ever present danger of downsizing (裁员). After all, if you are a recognized expert in the office, you will be regarded as an indispensable member of the team.
Having a high level of confidence, after all, does not mean overlooking the places where you could improve. Knowing what you do well and where you need help will help you enjoy increased success and confidence.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了自信对于成功的重要性。
1．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The influence of confidence on one's life.
B．The difference of people's confidence.
C．The importance of confidence to success.
D．The judgment on one's confidence.
解析：选C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段给出了中心论点，即自信对于成功非常重要，以下几段是从不同的方面论证这一观点。故选C。
2．Psychologists and other professionals can offer help to those ________.
A．who dream to be recognized experts
B．who expect to give guidance to others
C．who want to ask the boss for a raise
D．who think their goals are hard to reach
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，心理学家或者其他的专业人员可以为那些自信心不强的人(即认为自己的目标很难实现的人)提供帮助。故选D。
3．What does the underlined word “indispensable” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Outgoing.   B．Attractive.
C．Important.   D．Energetic.
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，拥有自信在工作中很重要，你会被同事认为是团队中“不可缺少的”一名成员，因此indispensable与C项的意义相近。故选C。21cnjy.com
4．What message does the author want to convey (传递) in the last paragraph?
A．To overlook one's disadvantages.
B．To make full use of one's advantages.
C．To have great confidence in one's abilities.
D．To make objective evaluations of one's abilities.
解析：选D　推理判断题。最后一段是说：拥有较高的自信并不是说忽略自己进步的空间，知道自己什么地方擅长同时又知道自己什么地方还有待提高，对于成功和自信来说是很有帮助的。因此，作者在此想要表达的是，要对自己的能力做出客观的评价，要有正确的认识。故选D。
B
(2014·皖南八校联考)The forces that make Japan one of the world's most earthquake-prone (有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its long-term energy solution.
Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.
Although Japanese high-tech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.
 “Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal-electric power production.
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which accounted for only 8 percent.
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.
For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories. Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.
“We can't even dig 10cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project. We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, US, believed Japan could produce 8,000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share. In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.
语篇解读：本文为一篇科普说明文。让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源，即：地热。本文对其进行了详细介绍。2·1·c·n·j·y
5．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Alternative energies in Japan
B．World's largest geothermal plant
C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology
D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy
解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”， 以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以D项最适合做文章的标题。
6．What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy?
A．About 8%.   B．Below 1%.
C．Around 30%.   D．Over 80 %.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第七段“For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan ...”可知，答案B符合文意。
7．According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ________.
A．a change of rules   B．financial support
C．local people's help   D．high technology
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow”可推知，答案A符合文意。
8．Geothermal energy is considered as a long-term program by ________.
A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji   B．Hideaki Matsui
C．Shigeto Yamada   D．Yoko Ono
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, ‘Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project ...’”可知，答案B符合文意。
9．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ________.
A．the world's biggest geothermal plant was built by America
B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology
C．the potential of Japan's geothermal energy is great
D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。故答案C符合文意。
B卷
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2014·南通高三模拟)A gentleman hired a taxi outside the railway station. The taxi had a woolen carpet with __1__ lace (蕾丝) edges. On the glass partition (隔离物) that __2__ the driver's seat was a copy of a famous painting. Its windows were all clean. The customer was very much __3__ and said to the driver, “I've never seen a nicer __4__.” “Thank you for your praise，” the driver answered __5__.
“How did it occur to you to decorate your car？” asked the customer.
“The car isn't mine，” said the driver. “It belongs to the company. I used to be a __6__ of taxis. When they returned, all of them were as __7__ as garbage cans with cigarette butts and rubbish __8__ here and there. On the seats and door-handles could be found something __9__ like peanut sauce or, chewing gum. Why so? I thought if the car itself were very clean the passengers would most __10__ be considerate and avoid littering.”
“So when I got a __11__ to be a taxi-driver, I began to __12__ my idea into practice — to tidy and __13__ the car. Now before a new passenger gets on my car, I'd make a check and be sure it is in good order. When my car __14__ after a day's work, it always remains __15__.”
When doing a thing, one makes efforts and wants to see the result. To change others, one has to make twice the __16__ but get half the result. To change oneself is the other way round — more fruit with less effort. One had better ask oneself why one makes __17__ on others much more than on oneself. __18__ you take enough care to do as best as you can for other people's sake, your efforts will naturally pay off. If you __19__ the inner world of your own, examine yourself and wipe out the dust and dirt, instead of fixing your eyes on other people, you will find a cheerful __20__ for yourself and create a pleasant environment for others.
语篇解读：本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。一位出租车司机总是将自己的车保持干净整洁，因为这样乘客不仅感到舒服，而且也会自觉爱护这个美好的环境。这个简单的故事告诉我们：要想改变别人，先改变自己。
1．A.brilliant　　　　　　　　 B．exciting
C．ugly   D．favorite
解析：选A　根据下句对车的描述可知，这辆出租车干净整洁，由此可知，地毯也一定很好看。故选A，意为“鲜艳的，出色的”。B“令人愉快的”；C“丑陋的”；D“最喜欢的”，均不符合语境，故排除。
2．A.protected   B．covered
C．separated   D．prevented
解析：选C　根据先行词“the glass partition(隔离物)”可知，它将乘客座位与司机座位隔离开。故选C，意为“分离，隔开”。A“保护”；B“覆盖”；D“阻止”。
3．A.moved   B．surprised
C．disappointed   D．annoyed
解析：选B　根据下文中的“‘How did it occur to you to decorate your car？’ asked the customer.”可知，乘客对司机这样装饰车感到好奇。故选B。
4．A.seat   B．taxi
C．garage   D．carpet
解析：选B　本句话用否定词加比较级表示最高级的意思，句意为：这是我所见过的最漂亮的出租车。故选B。
5．A.naturally   B．firmly
C．hopefully   D．smilingly
解析：选D　根据文中对这个司机的描述可知，这个司机体贴乘客，由此可推知，他对顾客的态度一定也很友好。故选D，意为“微笑着”。
6．A.driver   B．customer
C．repairer   D．cleaner
解析：选D　 根据下文对司机以前所做工作的描述并结合选项可以推断出，开出租前他是公司出租车的清洁员。故选D。【出处：21教育名师】
7．A.dirty   B．pleasant
C．attractive   D．clean
解析：选A　根据“garbage”可知，此处指所有的出租车都像垃圾罐一样脏。故选A。
8．A.spread    B．left
C．dotted   D．extended
解析：选B　根据常识可知，这些烟头和垃圾是乘客留下的。故选B最恰当，意为“丢下”。A“伸展，蔓延”；C“打上点”；D“延伸，扩大”。
9．A.sticky   B．busy
C．funny   D．clumsy
解析：选A　根据所举例“peanut sauce or, chewing gum”并结合常识可知，这些黏的东西会粘在把手上或座位上。故选A，意为“黏(性)的”。D“笨手笨脚的”。
10．A.extremely   B．willingly
C．likely   D．regularly
解析：选C　此处是表示推断语气。故选C，most likely意为“很可能”。A“极端地，十分地”；B“自愿地”；D“定期地，规则地”。
11．A.permit   B．passport
C．certificate   D．license
解析：选D　根据“to be a taxi-driver”可知，此处指获得驾照。故选D。A“通行证”；B“护照”；C“证书”。
12．A.make   B．take
C．put   D．get
解析：选C　 put ... into practice，意为“将……付诸实践”，为固定短语，符合语境。故选C。
13．A.decorate   B．drive
C．provide   D．describe
解析：选A　根据第一段对出租车的描述可知，司机不仅将车打扫干净，而且精心装饰。故选A，意为“装饰”。此处与上文中的“How did it occur to you to decorate your car？”相照应。
14．A.speeds   B．returns
C．arrives   D．leaves
解析：选B　根据“after a day's work”可知，此处指结束工作，返回公司。故选B。
15．A.shameful   B．bright
C．spotless   D．dirty
解析：选C　根据本段描述可知，这位司机精心爱护车，时刻保持干净，所以即使下班回到公司，出租车依然干净。故选C，意为“一尘不染的”。
16．A.progress   B．trial
C．attempt   D．effort
解析：选D　根据本段第一句以及下句可知，此处指结果与努力的对比。故选D，意为“努力”。
17．A.demands   B．comments
C．suggestions   D．decisions
解析：选A　句意：每个人都应问问自己为什么要求别人的比要求自己的要多呢。故选A“要求”。B“评论”；C“建议”；D“决定”。本句话与上句一致，强调要先改变自己。
18．A.Though   B．If
C．As   D．While
解析：选B　句意：如果你尽心尽力关心别人，你的努力自然会有回报。前一分句是后一分句实现的条件。故选B。版权所有
19．A.look up   B．look for
C．look into   D．look through
解析：选C　根据“inner world”可知，本句话强调看自己的内心世界。故选C，“向里面看，调查”。A“向上看，查找”；B“寻找”；D“浏览，仔细检查”。
20．A.spirit   B．sense
C．mind   D．mood
解析：选D　根据“cheerful”可知，此处指人的心情。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2014·湖南六校高三联考)Most people will answer a ringing phone. Usually you don't know who is phoning or how urgent their business is, so a ringing phone is difficult to ignore. In one experiment, a researcher wrote down the numbers of several public phones in stations and airports. Then he called the numbers. Someone nearly always answered. When he asked why, people usually said, “Because it rang.”
A few years ago in New Jersey, a man with a rifle killed 13 people.  Armed police surrounded his house but he refused to come out. A reporter found out the phone number of the house and called. The man put down his rifle and answered the phone. “What do you want？” he said, “I'm really busy right now.”
Imagine you are at work and the phone is ringing in someone else's office. Do you answer it or not? In one survey on telephone use, 51% of participants told researchers that they did. We can't ignore the phone and for that reason, it forces its way into our life. It interrupts what we are doing and on top of that, the caller is often someone we don't really want to talk to. However, in the survey, 58% said they never took the phone off the hook, and 67% didn't mind if someone called during a television programme. For 44 % it wasn't a problem if someone rang during a meal, while only 28 % were annoyed or upset. If someone phoned in the middle of the night, 40% told researchers that they got nervous or frightened, while around 30% got angry.
Of course, when someone is really annoying, you can choose to hang up on him/her. This is in fact one of the rudest things you can do on the phone, but 79% said they were prepared to do it in some cases. Only 6% told researchers they never hung up on people.
语篇解读：本文是一篇调查报道。实验发现，大多数人都会接听正在响着的电话，因为他们想知道是谁在打电话或者担心有什么紧急情况。
1．In the experiment, people answered the researcher's phone ________.
A．in order to help him gather the data
B．for fear that it was urgent
C．to test the function of the phone
D．to show their interest in the survey
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，人们接听电话是因为他们想知道是谁在打电话或者担心有什么紧急情况。故答案选B。
2．The gunman answered the phone because ________.
A．he decided not to give up his resistance to the police
B．he intended to be friendly with the media
C．he wanted to tell the reporter that he was too busy to offer any information
D．he tended to answer a ringing phone
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容并结合文章大意可知，那位杀人犯之所以接听了电话，是因为他和多数人一样，不能不理会正在响着的电话。故答案选D。
3．According to Paragraph 3, most people ________ when they were doing their work or watching television.www.21-cn-jy.com
A．refused to answer the phone in someone else's office
B．couldn't ignore the phone
C．minded the ringing of the phone
D．kept the phone ringing
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四句“We can't ignore the phone and for that reason, it forces its way into our life.”可知，多数人在工作或看电视时，当听到电话响了会去接听。故答案选B。
4．What is implied by the sentence “79% said they were prepared to do it in some cases”？
A．They also agreed to hang up on others regardless of rudeness.
B．They were prepared to punish those rude callers.
C．They were annoying rude callers.
D．They were going to hang on annoying phones.
解析：选A　句意理解题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，当接听了电话后，如果对方令人讨厌，你当然可以挂断他或她的电话。虽然这是在打电话时很没礼貌的行为，但79%的人说如果碰到类似情况他们也会那样做。故答案选A。
5．The purpose of the survey is to find out ________.
A．how the phone interrupts people's work
B．what role the phone plays in people's lives
C．why people mind a ringing phone sometimes
D．when the phone communication is more welcome
解析：选C　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文的写作目的是为了调查人们为什么会去接听正在响着的电话的原因。故答案选C。21*cnjy*com
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·南通高三一调)
The basics of infrastructure design
It is rightly pointed out that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the earlier times especially in terms of its pace. Lifestyle of today is remarkably fast paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the adoption of smart and time saving methods is of real significance. Well, the highways have certainly contributed in this direction and have made our lives a lot easier. Thanks to the modern flyovers and expressways, a single route can be accessed by twice the number of vehicles at the same time.
These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process. You have to hold fast to the various rules of designing government standards and most importantly, their safety and usability for the people.  In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians. The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is required.
Some of the points you have to take care of while laying an infrastructure design are as follows：
The basic layout (布局) of the road — At this level of planning, various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt (沥青), the size of lanes, distance to be covered, degree of curves and much more. These fundamental points help them decide the further line of action.
The prior steps —Before any work is stated over the basic plan layout, there are various preparations to be made like placing road signs, the removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes, the positioning of fire hydrants (消防栓) based on special designs to be useful when required, etc.
 Inclusion of safety barriers — The safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to rivers and cliffs. These barriers keep the vehicles from moving into the traffic in instances of accidents. These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road and the design should be such that it makes minimum impact upon the people sitting in the car. These include supplies like side rails and light poles.
Asphalt pavement marking — It is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes, turns, passing areas, two way and one way roads.
Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the ease of use is also the cause of accidents. Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure change of lanes are a common sight on the highways.  With the help of novel infrastructure design engineers, we can make the best possible use of highways.  If these are designed properly and sign boards are placed at the required points, a number of road accidents can be avoided.

The basics of infrastructure design

Reason for construction of infrastructure
Infrastructure must (1)________ the demands of today's fast-paced lifestyle.

Challenges of design and (2)________
Various rules, standards, safety and usability should be taken into careful consideration.


Skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians have to work hard (3)________．



Materials must be (4)________         to ensure their qualities.

Points to follow
Various  engineers  meet  to  make  sure  about  fundamental (5)________ of the road.


Things like (6)________      trees that are potentially dangerous must be done before construction.

Points to follow
Safety barriers should be carefully (7)________ before being placed to prevent accidents.


Materials that can (8)________ light should be used to make marks on the pavement.

Possible problems and solutions
Smooth and wide highways may (9)________ accidents.


Highways should be designed properly and sign boards (10)________ at the required points.


答案：(1)meet/satisfy　(2)construction　(3)together
(4)tested　(5)requirements　(6)removing　(7)designed　(8)reflect　(9)cause　(10)placed

介绍说明类

[精读语篇](2013·江苏高考阅读理解C)
If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body — thus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.21·世纪*教育网
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example.And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil (化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this
end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly — and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free.In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator — and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.

[题目试做](建议用时：8分钟)
61．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?
A．A twisted body.
B．A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.
D．A drop in blood pressure.
62．The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see________.
A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
63．Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4________.
A．confirmed his assumption
B．speeded up his research process
C．disagreed with his assumption
D．changed his research objectives
64．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ________.
A．failed to evolve an anti-decompression means
B．gradually developed measures against the bends
C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D．evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it
[读文样板]
一、破解文章脉络
本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们，如果潜水员和海洋动物过快上升到水面，他们会患上减压病。科学家通过对鱼龙化石的研究发现生活在侏罗纪和白垩纪的鱼龙也患有减压病，它们没有进化成具有抗减压病能力的鱼龙。这一结论推翻了科学家原先的猜测。
第一段：潜水者得减压病的原因及症状。
第二段：由化石可知，鲸鱼、鱼龙等海洋生物也会患减压病。
第三至六段：Rothschild的研究发现及原因分析。
 二、破解障碍词
1．surface n．表面；表层；外观   adj.表面的，肤浅的 vi.浮出水面
破解方法：熟词新义。原文：If a drive surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends.由第一段第二句“Nitrogen(氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.”可知，气压降低会使血液中溶解的氮突然释放。根据语境可以推测出，气压降低的原因是潜水者上浮。surface在此处用作动词，意为“浮出水面”。
2．air-breathing adj.呼吸空气的
破解方法：利用构词法。air(空气)＋breathe(呼吸)的现在分词＝ air-breathing(呼吸空气的)。
3．anti-decompression adj.抗减压的
破解方法：利用构词法。anti-(抗，防，反对)＋ decompression(减压)＝ anti-decompression(抗减压的)。
4．mercifully adv.宽厚地，不幸之中算幸运地
破解方法：利用构词法。mercy (仁慈，宽容，怜悯) ＋形容词后缀-ful ＋副词后缀-ly＝mercifully(宽厚地，不幸之中算幸运地)。
三、破解长难句
1.目的状语句子主干
 history_museums,__looking_at_hundreds_of_ichthyosaurs_from_the_伴随状语
_Triassic_period_and_from_the_later_Jurassic_and_Cretaceous_periods.
译文：为此，他和同事造访了世界各地的自然历史博物馆，观察了成百上千个来自三叠纪及其后的侏罗纪和白垩纪的鱼龙化石。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
 2.时间状语从句宾语从句
结果状语

译文： 开始时，他认为减压病的迹象在年代较晚的化石中更罕见一些，反映出鱼龙逐渐进化，有了应对减压病的方法。
[解题样板]
61.以下哪项是减压病的典型症状？
信息源
选项特征

A.扭曲的身体。
第一段
合理推断

B.血液供应逐渐减少。
文中未提及
无中生有

C.血液中的氮突然释放。 
第一段
答非所问

D.血压下降。 
第一段
曲解文意


[分析]　选A　根据第一段第二句可知，如果气泡聚集在关节部位，其后果是剧烈的疼痛和扭曲的身体。这就是减压病的症状，a bent body和a twisted body是同义词，故A项正确。
62.Rothschild研究的目的是弄清楚________。
信息源
选项特征

A.鱼龙患上减压病的机率
第二段
曲解文意

B.鱼龙怎样适应减压病
第三段
合理推断

C.为何鱼龙的身体会扭曲
第二段
答非所问

D.何时鱼龙的骨头会碎裂
第二段
答非所问


[分析]　选B　从文章第三段第二句可知，Rothschild的研究目的就是弄清楚鱼龙是如何适应减压病的。故B项正确。
63.第四段中说Rothschild的发现________。
信息源
选项特征

A.证实了他的猜测
第四段
曲解文意

B.加快了他的研究进程
文中未提及
无中生有

C.与他先前的猜想不符
第四段
合理推断

D.改变了他的研究目的
文中未提及
无中生有


[分析]　选C　从文章第四段看出，Rothschild原来以为在年代较晚的化石中不会发现鱼龙患减压病的现象，因为他认为鱼龙逐渐进化具有了应对减压病的方法，但是他却发现了相反的结果，这令他大为惊讶。说明发现结果与他先前的猜想不符，故C项正确。
64.Rothschild可能已得出结论，鱼龙________。
信息源
选项特征

A.没有能进化到具有抗减压病的能力
第四段
合理推断

B.逐渐形成了抗减压病的方法
第四段
曲解文意

C.因为有大鲨鱼和鳄鱼而灭绝了
第六段
曲解文意

D.进化到了能应对减压病，但很快又失去了这种能力
第五段
曲解文意


[分析]　选A　文章第四段说Rothschild认为鱼龙逐渐进化具有了应对减压病的方法，但是他却发现了相反的结果。说明鱼龙未能进化到具有抗减压病的能力。文章第五段进一步说那不是Rothschild认为会发生的事情，故A项正确。